中級 - 過去完了形

Simon Evans, Tokyo

過去完了形《had + 動詞の過去分詞》は、一文の中に2つの異なる時間に起こった出来事・事柄が含まれている場合に使われます。「ある事柄の起こった過去の時点（b）において、さらに過去に起こった事柄（a）が既に完了している」ことを表します。



例文で見てみましょう：
(1) I was very sick yesterday, maybe because I had drunk too much the previous night.
(2) She had been living alone for ten years before I moved in.

まず、(1)の文ではI was very sickとI drank too muchの二つの事柄が述べられています。それぞれが「昨日」と「おとといの夜」という二つの異なる時間に起こった事柄です。I drank too muchは、I was very sickよりもさらに過去に起こった事柄ですので、過去完了形が使われています。

(2)の文でも同じく、I moved in（私がそこへ引越した）よりも前にShe was living（彼女が住んでいた）ことがわかります。

単語・表現

まずは会話の中に出てくる単語を練習しましょう。
左側に並ぶ単語の意味に合致するものを右からドラッグし、正解の上でドロップしてください。答えが正しければそのまま配置されます。

会話

エリックとトオルの会話です。
過去完了形に注意しながら、まずはトランスクリプトを見ないで音声だけを聞いてみましょう。
次にディクテーションの練習として、音声を聞きながら会話文を書き取っていきましょう。

Eric:	So, Toru, are you going to tell me how your barbecue on the beach was Saturday night? I’m surprised you haven’t said anything yet.
Toru:	Yes, I had planned a barbecue, but the heavy rain in the afternoon meant a change of plan. And that is where the trouble began!
Eric:	What do you mean?
Toru:	I decided to have a party at my house instead. However, people that hadn’t been to my house before went to my neighbour’s house two doors down from me.
Eric:	So they missed the party?
Toru:	It turned that I had sent the wrong details in my emails. My neighbours are elderly and infirm, and the doorbell constantly ringing understandably annoyed them. Fortunately, they directed my friends to my place.
Eric:	I’m sure your neighbours can forgive you.
Toru:	I doubt it! One friend had parked his car in front of their place, and as he reversed his car up the street towards my place, he ran over their cat!
Eric:	Not good!
Toru:	No, and to compound matters, my friends picked up the dead cat and stupidly dumped it in my neighbours dust bin, right in front of their very eyes!
Eric:	That’s pretty insensitive, I have to say. Anyway, how was the party itself?
Toru:	The police came knocking at my door at around 10pm. I was too intoxicated to realise, but my next-door neighbours called them, saying the music had stopped them from being able to sleep.
Eric:	But 10pm isn’t late! And it was a Saturday night.
Toru:	Yes, but someone unbeknown to me had stolen a bike to ride to the party. Of course, the policemen saw it, and they went inside and arrested the culprit. A total disaster!
	Listen to dialogue

実力アップコーナー

時制に注意して、下線部に適切な形の動詞を当てはめましょう。入力できたら「Check」をクリックして次へ進みます。問題は全部で4問です。

和訳